CASE STUDY
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WORKFLOW STUDY: DESIGN
Nathan Browning, Pharm.D., was responsible for designing and tracking the workflow
study for Mobile Infirmary. “Vicky and I decided to break the study down into three
phases,” he explains.
• In Phase 1, Browning and his team gathered data on the I.V. room's traditional manual
compounding processes.
• In Phase 2, they switched to using Leiters' precise dosage Norepi vials for manual
compounding.
• In Phase 3, they used the concentrated vials of Norepi from Leiters that use the vial
docking technology so require no compounding.
“In each phase, we tracked the number of bags prepared, the staging time, the
compounding time, the pharmacist check time, and the time to administration,”
says Browning. “We then used that information to calculate the cost per bag in each
phase, which included product and supply costs as well as labor expenses.” The study
measured 8 mg and 16 mg vials across three and a half weeks.
Leiters was supportive through the entire process. “The team was very responsive and
answered my questions or helped me find a solution quickly no matter the challenge,”
says Browning. “At one point, we ran out of some of the study drug, and Leiters sent us
what we needed overnight so it was there by 7 a.m. the next morning.”
WORKFLOW STUDY: TOPLINE FINDINGS
8 mg Norepi
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Number of Bags
23
24
N/A
Staging Time
56 seconds
85.3 seconds
N/A
Compounding Time
2.48 minutes
1.58 minutes
N/A
Pharmacist Check Time
26.6 seconds
15.3 seconds
9.6 seconds
Time to Administration
174.3 minutes
152 minutes
61.4 minutes
Cost Per Bag
$17.52
$16.49
$17.93
16 mg Norepi
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Number of Bags
38
66
N/A
Staging Time
47.8 seconds
31.9 seconds
N/A
Compounding Time
3.8 minutes
1.34 minutes
N/A
Pharmacist Check Time
27.7 seconds
13.6 seconds
9.6 seconds
Time to Administration
246.4 minutes
161.4 minutes
59.2 minutes
Cost Per Bag
$31.05
$18.31
$19.89
Leiters
Concentrated Vials
Benefits at a Glance
• Compliant with all I.V. workflow
and I.V. compounding
software and all vial docking
technologies.
• The concentrated vial sterile
preparations are in solution,
making them easier to
dilute with no waiting
for reconstitution of a
lyophilized powder.
• Inventory space is reduced,
waste minimized, and inventory
turns increased.
• In the forward positions, vials
can be stored in automated
dispensing machines (ADMs)
for rapid retrieval, dose tracking,
and administration based on
the hospital's specific vial-to-
bag adapter and activation
processes.
• Pre-labeled vials and boxes
include TALLman lettering,
barcodes, and color-coding for
drug/strength differentiation to
help reduce medication errors.